Rated capacity is not usable capacity.
In this industry, the plan is wrong in both directions at once.
Upturns arrive faster than multi-tier supply can follow, so constrained components are allocated by escalation and premium freight. Downturns arrive faster than purchase commitments can unwind, so high-value inventory ages into write-downs.
Between the two, planning parameters typed in years ago, such as lead times, yields, run rates and minimum order quantities, keep entering the plan as facts.
Six decisions move margin, cash and service.
What to buy, and how far ahead
Where to allocate scarce supply
What to promise customers
How much protection to hold, and where
What to build, and on which line
When to add capacity
Sense what you cannot control. Shape what you can.
Purchase commitments close months before the demand they serve is known.
Learn how each supplier, customer and line actually behaves.
Transaction history can reveal demand, delivery and operating variation. Review the relevant ranges and parameter recommendations in the scoped evaluation; assumptions without reliable history remain explicit business inputs.
Suppliers and customers respond inside one governed flow rather than by email, and an accepted supplier response becomes an input to the next plan.
Judge every plan in the same futures before you commit to one.
Illustrative comparison, not measured product results. Perfect information is an optimistic reference; maximum protection can still fail.